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w.gawronski@medicinasportiva.pl
e-ISSN 1734-2260 from 2005
ISSN 1429-0022 from 1997 till 2004
Indexed in: SportDiscus; EMBASE/Excerpta Medica; Index Copernicus
Medicina Sportiva 2007 vol. 11, Issue 2
Copyright ® 2007 Medicina Sportiva
Novel erythropoietic agents: a threat to sportsmanship
Wolfgang Jelkmann
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The influence of short-term maximal anaerobic and aerobic exertion on autonomic nervous system activity in healthy young athletes
Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, Grzegorz Raczak, Małgorzata Szwoch, Wojciech Ratkowski, Antoni Bogdan Toruński
Read article »
Influence of prolonged exercise on the
24-hour free testosterone – cortisol ratio
hormonal profile
Joseph W. Duke, Daniela A. Rubin, Will Daly, Anthony C. Hackney
Read article »
The effect of Tai Chi Chuan training on selected metabolic parameters in elderly men
Joanna Karolkiewicz, Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka, Janusz Maciaszek, Rafał Stemplewski, Wiesław Osiński
Read article »
NOVEL ERYTHROPOIETIC AGENTS: A THREAT TO SPORTSMANSHIP
Wolfgang Jelkmann
Abstract
The mass of hemoglobin (Hb) is an important determinant of aerobic power. Red blood cell production is stimulated by the glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO). Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) engineered in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures (Epoetin alfa and Epoetin beta) and its hyperglycosylated analogue Darbepoetin alfa are known to be misused by athletes. The drugs can be detected in urine by isoelectric focusing, because the pattern of their glycans differs from that of endogenous EPO. However, doping control is becoming much more difficult, as various novel erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are - or are to come - on the market. Gene-activated EPO (Epoetin delta) from human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) has been approved in the European Union. rHuEPO (Epoetin omega) produced in transformed baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is also available. ESAs to come include Biosimilars of the established Epoetins, long-acting pegylated Epoetin beta (CERA), EPO fusion proteins, synthetic erythropoiesis stimulating protein (SEP) and peptidic (Hematide) as well as non-peptidic EPO mimetics. Furthermore, small orally active drugs that are capable of stimulating endogenous EPO production are in preclinical or clinical trials. These include stabilizers of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) that bind to the EPO gene enhancer and GATA inhibitors which prevent GATA from suppressing the EPO gene promoter. It is crucial to inform the athletes and their supporting staff on the potential health risks.
Key words: erythropoietin, erythropoiesis, recombinant DNA-technology, exercise, doping
Read article »
THE INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM MAXIMAL ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC EXERTION ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY YOUNG ATHLETES
Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, Grzegorz Raczak, Małgorzata Szwoch, Wojciech Ratkowski, Antoni Bogdan Toruński
Introduction: The Wingate test (WT) and incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (IT) are used in the evaluation of physical efficiency in professional athletes. In the former anaerobic power is evaluated and in the latter aerobic power.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the tests on autonomic nervous system activity (ANS) in young healthy athletes.
Material and methods: Eight athletes aged 17 ± 1 were included in the study. On the first day WT was performed, on the second day the IT. The ANS parameters (baroreflex sensitivity- BRS_WBA and heart rate variability- HRV) were analyzed on the basis of 10- minute systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart period (HP) records during controlled breathing (0.23 Hz). ANS indices and mean HP were analyzed before (examination 1) and within 1 hour after WT (examination 2), and within 1 hour after IT (examination 3).
Results: The significant decrease in BRS-WBA in examination 2 in comparison to 1 was found (18.1±10.7 vs. 9.4±3.9 ms/mmHg, p=0.049). In examination 3 in comparison to 1 the significant decrease in BRS_WBA was also found (7.7±5.2 ms/mmHg, p=0.011). SDNN, PNN50, RMSSD, HF and HFnu were significantly lower in examination 2 comparing to 1 (p<0.05). These lower values were noticed also after examination 3. The mean HP showed similar changes. LF/HF and LFnu increased significantly in examination 2 in comparison to 1 (p<0.05). LF did not change significantly during the examinations.
Conclusions: Short- term maximal complex exertion during anaerobic and aerobic tests leads to the decrease in parasympathetic activity and to the increase in sympathetic activity of ANS in young healthy athletes. These changes last at least one hour after exertion.
Key words: autonomic nervous system, baroreflex sensitivity, physical exercise
Read article »
INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED EXERCISE ON THE
24-HOUR FREE TESTOSTERONE – CORTISOL RATIO
HORMONAL PROFILE
Joseph W. Duke, Daniela A. Rubin, Will Daly, Anthony C. Hackney
Aim of the study: This study examined the response of the free testosterone and cortisol ratio (fTC) to prolonged endurance exercise.
Methods: A trained sportsman performed treadmill exercise at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake to volitional fatigue. Frequent blood samples were collected over 24 hours and analyzed to determine changes in the fTC ratio.
Results: Exercise caused an initial increase in the ratio followed by a rapid decline in the immediate recovery from exercise. Approximately 8 hours into recovery from exercise, there was a pronounced and persistent (~6 hours) secondary increase in the ratio.
Conclusions: Results suggest that the fTC ratio responds to intensive exercise, but that aspects of the response can be of a delayed nature occurring many hours into recovery. Exercise scientists who wish to monitor this parameter should be aware that the time course by which they choose to conduct their blood sampling could impact upon the interpretation of their data.
Key words: endocrine, stress, training biomarkers
Read article »
THE EFFECT OF TAI CHI CHUAN TRAINING ON SELECTED METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY MEN
Joanna Karolkiewicz, Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka, Janusz Maciaszek, Rafał Stemplewski, Wiesław Osiński
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a 4-month physical training based on Tai Chi exercises on insulin resistance parameters, blood lipids, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters in healthy, elderly men.
Methods: The study population consisted of 41 healthy men, aged 63-75, who volunteered for the training program. The training program lasted 4 months and consisted of two 45-minute sessions of Tai Chi Chuan prophylactic-therapeutic exercises weekly. Total antioxidative status (TAS) and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in plasma. In the serum samples, levels of glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were assessed. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) were calculated. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were determined in the red blood cells hemolysate.
Results: The 4-month training based on Tai Chi Chuan exercises resulted in a significant decrease in serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. HOMAIR, TG/HDL-C ratio, and AIP decreased significantly (p<0.01). Glutathione peroxidase activity and TBARS concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01). No significant changes in concentrations of GSH and TAS were found.
Conclusions: The obtained results show that 4-month training based on Tai Chi Chuan exercises enhances insulin sensitivity, improves lipid profile and the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in healthy, elderly men. These favorable changes may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis in physically active elderly subjects.
Key words: insulin resistance, antioxidant defense system, blood lipids, physical activity, elderly men
Read article »
Indexed in: SportDiscus; EMBASE/Excerpta Medica; Index Copernicus
Novel erythropoietic agents: a threat to sportsmanship
Medicina Sportiva 2007 vol. 11, Issue 2
Copyright ® 2007 Medicina Sportiva
Wolfgang Jelkmann
Read article »
The influence of short-term maximal anaerobic and aerobic exertion on autonomic nervous system activity in healthy young athletes
Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, Grzegorz Raczak, Małgorzata Szwoch, Wojciech Ratkowski, Antoni Bogdan Toruński
Read article »
Influence of prolonged exercise on the
24-hour free testosterone – cortisol ratio
hormonal profile
Joseph W. Duke, Daniela A. Rubin, Will Daly, Anthony C. Hackney
Read article »
The effect of Tai Chi Chuan training on selected metabolic parameters in elderly men
Joanna Karolkiewicz, Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka, Janusz Maciaszek, Rafał Stemplewski, Wiesław Osiński
Read article »
NOVEL ERYTHROPOIETIC AGENTS: A THREAT TO SPORTSMANSHIP
Wolfgang Jelkmann
Abstract
The mass of hemoglobin (Hb) is an important determinant of aerobic power. Red blood cell production is stimulated by the glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO). Recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) engineered in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures (Epoetin alfa and Epoetin beta) and its hyperglycosylated analogue Darbepoetin alfa are known to be misused by athletes. The drugs can be detected in urine by isoelectric focusing, because the pattern of their glycans differs from that of endogenous EPO. However, doping control is becoming much more difficult, as various novel erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) are - or are to come - on the market. Gene-activated EPO (Epoetin delta) from human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) has been approved in the European Union. rHuEPO (Epoetin omega) produced in transformed baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is also available. ESAs to come include Biosimilars of the established Epoetins, long-acting pegylated Epoetin beta (CERA), EPO fusion proteins, synthetic erythropoiesis stimulating protein (SEP) and peptidic (Hematide) as well as non-peptidic EPO mimetics. Furthermore, small orally active drugs that are capable of stimulating endogenous EPO production are in preclinical or clinical trials. These include stabilizers of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) that bind to the EPO gene enhancer and GATA inhibitors which prevent GATA from suppressing the EPO gene promoter. It is crucial to inform the athletes and their supporting staff on the potential health risks.
Key words: erythropoietin, erythropoiesis, recombinant DNA-technology, exercise, doping
Read article »
THE INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM MAXIMAL ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC EXERTION ON AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY IN HEALTHY YOUNG ATHLETES
Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz, Grzegorz Raczak, Małgorzata Szwoch, Wojciech Ratkowski, Antoni Bogdan Toruński
Introduction: The Wingate test (WT) and incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake (IT) are used in the evaluation of physical efficiency in professional athletes. In the former anaerobic power is evaluated and in the latter aerobic power.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the tests on autonomic nervous system activity (ANS) in young healthy athletes.
Material and methods: Eight athletes aged 17 ± 1 were included in the study. On the first day WT was performed, on the second day the IT. The ANS parameters (baroreflex sensitivity- BRS_WBA and heart rate variability- HRV) were analyzed on the basis of 10- minute systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart period (HP) records during controlled breathing (0.23 Hz). ANS indices and mean HP were analyzed before (examination 1) and within 1 hour after WT (examination 2), and within 1 hour after IT (examination 3).
Results: The significant decrease in BRS-WBA in examination 2 in comparison to 1 was found (18.1±10.7 vs. 9.4±3.9 ms/mmHg, p=0.049). In examination 3 in comparison to 1 the significant decrease in BRS_WBA was also found (7.7±5.2 ms/mmHg, p=0.011). SDNN, PNN50, RMSSD, HF and HFnu were significantly lower in examination 2 comparing to 1 (p<0.05). These lower values were noticed also after examination 3. The mean HP showed similar changes. LF/HF and LFnu increased significantly in examination 2 in comparison to 1 (p<0.05). LF did not change significantly during the examinations.
Conclusions: Short- term maximal complex exertion during anaerobic and aerobic tests leads to the decrease in parasympathetic activity and to the increase in sympathetic activity of ANS in young healthy athletes. These changes last at least one hour after exertion.
Key words: autonomic nervous system, baroreflex sensitivity, physical exercise
Read article »
INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED EXERCISE ON THE
24-HOUR FREE TESTOSTERONE – CORTISOL RATIO
HORMONAL PROFILE
Joseph W. Duke, Daniela A. Rubin, Will Daly, Anthony C. Hackney
Aim of the study: This study examined the response of the free testosterone and cortisol ratio (fTC) to prolonged endurance exercise.
Methods: A trained sportsman performed treadmill exercise at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake to volitional fatigue. Frequent blood samples were collected over 24 hours and analyzed to determine changes in the fTC ratio.
Results: Exercise caused an initial increase in the ratio followed by a rapid decline in the immediate recovery from exercise. Approximately 8 hours into recovery from exercise, there was a pronounced and persistent (~6 hours) secondary increase in the ratio.
Conclusions: Results suggest that the fTC ratio responds to intensive exercise, but that aspects of the response can be of a delayed nature occurring many hours into recovery. Exercise scientists who wish to monitor this parameter should be aware that the time course by which they choose to conduct their blood sampling could impact upon the interpretation of their data.
Key words: endocrine, stress, training biomarkers
Read article »
THE EFFECT OF TAI CHI CHUAN TRAINING ON SELECTED METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY MEN
Joanna Karolkiewicz, Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak, Ewa Deskur-Śmielecka, Janusz Maciaszek, Rafał Stemplewski, Wiesław Osiński
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a 4-month physical training based on Tai Chi exercises on insulin resistance parameters, blood lipids, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant parameters in healthy, elderly men.
Methods: The study population consisted of 41 healthy men, aged 63-75, who volunteered for the training program. The training program lasted 4 months and consisted of two 45-minute sessions of Tai Chi Chuan prophylactic-therapeutic exercises weekly. Total antioxidative status (TAS) and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in plasma. In the serum samples, levels of glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin were assessed. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) were calculated. Reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were determined in the red blood cells hemolysate.
Results: The 4-month training based on Tai Chi Chuan exercises resulted in a significant decrease in serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. HOMAIR, TG/HDL-C ratio, and AIP decreased significantly (p<0.01). Glutathione peroxidase activity and TBARS concentrations increased significantly (p<0.01). No significant changes in concentrations of GSH and TAS were found.
Conclusions: The obtained results show that 4-month training based on Tai Chi Chuan exercises enhances insulin sensitivity, improves lipid profile and the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in healthy, elderly men. These favorable changes may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis in physically active elderly subjects.
Key words: insulin resistance, antioxidant defense system, blood lipids, physical activity, elderly men
Read article »